Our pet's fur doesn't always guarantee warmth. Dogs can get frostbite and hypothermia just like people. Here's how to spot the signs and keep your dog safe.

Does their 'fur coat' protect them?

It's easy to assume a dog's fur keeps them warm enough in the cold. It doesn't. Dogs can develop both frostbite and hypothermia, and the risk is highest for:

• Short-haired dogs
• Small dogs
• Senior dogs and very young puppies
• Dogs with diabetes, heart or kidney disease or hormonal conditions such as Cushing's disease

How cold is too cold?

There's no single cutoff that fits every dog. Breed, coat, size, age and health all make a difference when it comes to how cold is too cold for your dog. 

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However, here is a general guide from veterinarians:

• Many dogs start to feel uncomfortable around 45 degrees.
• Risk of frostbite and hypothermia climbs when temperatures drop below  32 degrees.
• Below 20 degrees, the danger rises for all dogs.

(MORE: How cold is too cold for a dog walk? A breed-by-breed temperature guide)

Warning signs

Hypothermia: If you see your dog whining, shivering, seeking warmth and showing signs of weakness during or after being exposed to cold temperatures, that’s enough to worry. A dog that has stopped shivering but is still cold is also a warning sign. If you suspect hypothermia, call a vet right away.

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Frostbite: If you notice pale, gray or blue skin on the ears, tail, paws or nose, this could be frostbite. Skin may also feel cold or brittle, swell, or blister. Frostbite often isn't visible until days later. In severe, untreated cases, the tissue can turn dark and die.

The dos and don’ts when it comes to extreme cold and our pets

If you suspect frostbite, do not treat it at home with direct heat. Do not use heating pads or hair dryers, and don’t rub the area. Warming your pet too fast can actually cause more damage.

Here's what to do if you think your pet has frostbite or hypothermia:

1. Bring your dog inside.
2. Warm them gradually with a warm (not hot) cloth or blankets.
3. Call a veterinarian.

Hidden hazards

• De-icing salt can burn paws and irritate skin. Wipe their paws after every walk.
• Antifreeze tastes sweet but is highly toxic. Clean up spills right away and keep it out of reach.
• Snow hides scent trails. Dogs can lose their way, so keep them leashed on snow and ice.

(MORE: How to help keep stray cats warm on cold autumn nights, according to a vet)

Tips to keep your dog warm

• Keep walks short in freezing weather. Many vets suggest around 15 to 20 minutes, and splitting it into several shorter trips when it's very cold.
• Dress short-haired, small or senior dogs in a coat or sweater that covers the belly.
• Don't shave your dog down for winter. A longer coat adds warmth. Trim only to reduce ice and salt buildup between the toes.
• Towel-dry paws and fur after walks, and check between the toes for ice balls and salt.
• Try booties or paw balm to protect paws.
• Feed a little extra. Dogs burn more calories staying warm.
• Give them a warm bed off the floor and away from drafts.
• Keep fresh, unfrozen water available.
• If your dog spends time outside, make sure shelter is insulated, raised off the ground and protected from wind.
• Keep a 5-day emergency supply of food, water and medication in case of winter storms.

The ASPCA says: "If it's too cold for you, it's probably too cold for your pet."